Chemical Periodicity
217 questions· page 1 of 22
Q, R and S are consecutive elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element R has the highest first ionisation energy and the lowest melting point of these three elements.
What are the identities of Q, R and S?
Options
| Q | R | S | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Na | Mg | Al |
| B | Mg | Al | Si |
| C | Al | Si | P |
| D | Si | P | S |
J is either or .
K is either or .
Which row is correct?
Options
| identity of J | identity of K | |
|---|---|---|
| A | ||
| B | ||
| C | ||
| D |
Which diagram shows the electronegativity of the elements Na, Mg, Al and Si plotted against their first ionisation energies?
Options
A Diagram A
B Diagram B
C Diagram C
D Diagram D
The table shows some data for the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
| melting point / K | electrical conductivity | |
|---|---|---|
| sodium | 371 | good |
| magnesium | 922 | good |
| aluminium | 933 | good |
| silicon | 1693 | poor |
| phosphorus | 317 | does not conduct |
| sulfur | 386 | does not conduct |
| chlorine | 172 | does not conduct |
| argon | 84 | does not conduct |
Which statements are correct?
- All the elements in the table with a giant structure have a higher melting point than each of the elements in the table with a simple molecular structure.
- Magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium because it has more delocalised electrons and stronger electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the metal ions.
- Phosphorus and sulfur do not conduct electricity because they are simple molecular solids at room conditions.
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
Compound X contains two Period 3 elements, Y and Z.
Compound X reacts with water to form only two products: a slightly soluble hydroxide and compound Q.
Q is a compound of element Z and hydrogen.
Compound Q burns in moist air to produce an oxide and water. The oxidation number of element Z in the oxide is +5.
Which row identifies element Y and element Z?
Options
| element Y | element Z | |
|---|---|---|
| A | Mg | P |
| B | Na | S |
| C | Na | P |
| D | Mg | S |
The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting solutions have the same effect on litmus.
What could element X be?
Options
A Al
B Ca
C Na
D P
Compound M is a white solid. It is the chloride of a Period 3 element.
Information about some reactions starting with compound M is given in the table.
| reaction | observation |
|---|---|
| compound M + non-polar solvent | colourless solution |
| compound M added a little at a time to water | steamy fumes, Q colourless solution, R |
| fumes Q tested with moist blue litmus paper | paper turns red |
| solution R + a few drops of NaOH(aq) + excess NaOH(aq) | white precipitate dissolves to give a colourless solution |
What is compound M?
Options
A aluminium chloride
B magnesium chloride
C phosphorus pentachloride
D sodium chloride
Elements Y and Z are both in Period 3. Element Y has the smallest atomic radius in Period 3.
There are only two elements in Period 3 that have a lower melting point than element Z.
Elements Y and Z react together to form compound R.
Which compound could be R?
Options
A
B MgS
C
D
Three statements about the chemical periodicity of Period 3 oxides are listed.
- The maximum oxidation state of the Period 3 elements in their oxides increases from sodium to phosphorus, then decreases from phosphorus to sulfur.
- The oxides from sodium to aluminium dissolve in water without hydrolysis; from silicon to sulfur they are hydrolysed by water.
- The structure and bonding changes from giant ionic to giant covalent to simple molecular.
Which statements are correct?
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 3 only
Which set of three elements contains a single element that has both the highest melting point and the lowest electrical conductivity of the three elements in the set?
Options
A magnesium, aluminium and silicon
B aluminium, silicon and phosphorus
C sodium, magnesium and aluminium
D silicon, phosphorus and chlorine